February 23rd is celebrated in Russia as Defender of the Fatherland Day, but its historical origins are rather murky. Let’s explore what really happened on this date and whether there is reason to be proud of it.
The Myth of the “Birth of the Red Army” (1918)
The official Soviet version claims that on February 23, 1918, a mass enlistment of volunteers into the Red Army took place, leading to alleged victories over German forces near Pskov and Narva.
However, historical records suggest the opposite: German troops were advancing, and the Red Army was suffering defeats.
In reality, the official decree establishing the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (RKKA) was signed on January 15, 1918.
The only significant event on February 23, 1918, was the publication of the Soviet appeal “The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger!”, which had little immediate impact on the battlefield.
Other Military Events on February 23
1904 – During the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese navy bombarded the Russian port of Vladivostok.
1917 – Large-scale strikes broke out in Petrograd, marking the beginning of the February Revolution.
1942 – The USSR officially established Soviet Army and Navy Day, which later became Defender of the Fatherland Day.
1944 – The Soviet government began the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people, carried out by the NKVD under Stalin’s orders. This tragic event is hardly a cause for celebration.
Is There Anything to Be Proud Of?
If we examine the actual battles of February 23, 1918, the Red Army was retreating rather than winning.
The date was likely chosen for political reasons—to strengthen Soviet ideology rather than to commemorate a real victory.
Over time, however, the holiday evolved into a general day of recognition for military personnel and veterans, making it meaningful in a different way.
Conclusion. The historical foundation of February 23 as the “birthday of the Red Army” is questionable, but the holiday has become a symbol of respect for those who have defended the country.